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World Intellectual Property Day

April 25, 2025

On April 26, 2025, we celebrate World Intellectual Property Day,  and this year's theme is "IP and music: Feel the beat of IP"

This year's World Intellectual Property Day shines a light on creators, inventors and entrepreneurs who are pushing the boundaries of innovation and creativity to bring new ideas in the music world, and explores how Intellectual property (IP) rights and innovation policies safeguard the work of songwriters, composers, performers, and relevant stakeholders to support a vibrant, diverse music scene.

The World Intellectual Property Day has been celebrated every year since 2000 on April 26 (which is the day on which the WIPO Convention came into force in 1970), with the aim of increasing general awareness and understanding of IP.

We invite you to get acquainted with the 2024 VILNIUS TECH inventions.

Patents registered with the European Patent Office (EPO) and the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

System and method for reinforcing structures with pre-stressed fibre-reinforced-polymer laminates. EP 4071321 B1. 2024-08-14 / inventors: Justas Šlaitas; Juozas Valivonis. 
Abstract. The current invention discloses a pre-stressing system and method for retrofitting of reinforced concrete members with externally bonded CFRP laminates in bending, according to the independent claims 1 and 8. [0011] The pre-stressing system (device) comprises a clamping unit, a light frame for hydraulic jack and anchoring plates. The clamping unit consists of tempered steel grips with a corrugated surface, which are tightened with high strength bolts in a steel frame. Usually, the result of using corrugated surface steel grips would be fractured laminate. The solution of this invention is to add epoxy adhesive on both upper and lower contact surfaces of the grips and the laminate and tighten with high strength bolts in the steel frame. The result after one day of hardening is more effective clamping unit with very low slip potential. Such units can be attached on both sides of the laminate one day before strengthening outside the construction site, this way strengthening time is not higher than using any other existing method. Alternatively, if one day does not make any difference, the clamping unit can be attached on one side of the laminate and the other end can be anchored to a concrete member with riffled surface steel plates, epoxy adhesives must be added onto concrete-laminate, laminate-steel plate contact surfaces and the plates must be tightened to the concrete member with anchor bolts at once. Anchoring with plane surface plates would not withstand similar loads, even bonded with epoxy adhesive one day before the tensioning. [0012] The main working principle of the system is that hydraulic jack in steel frame pushes the clamping unit through the hinge while the other side of the laminate is anchored.. The anchoring plates are added by the same principle described above between the clamping unit and the frame of hydraulic jack. Next, the applied force is transmitted from the jack into the frame through bolts and the jack can be removed. After full hardening of the adhesive, the hydraulic jack is returned to the frame and a force of the same magnitude is added to the clamping unit. The bolts are released and the force is slowly removed, transferring pre-stressing force into the anchors and concrete-laminate joint. The improved anchors and clamping unit reduce the risk of the FRP laminate slipping in the clamping unit and the anchors and thus the failure of the concrete-laminate joint.

System and method for real-time creation and execution of a human digital twin. US 12062245 B2. 2024-08-13 /  inventors: Artūras Serackis, Dalius Navakauskas, Dalius Matuzevicius, Tomyslav Sledevic, Vytautas  Abromavicius. 
Abstract. The present invention presents a universal reconfigurable video stream processing system where a digital twin is applied to 3D marker cloud mapping of a set of parameters, related to the current state of the monitored person (object). The invention includes two reconfigurable units, with at least one of these units being universally adjusted for any input-output mapping application with fixed input size, fixed output size and numerical values ordered by their meaning. Each reconfigurable unit includes at least one machine learning based mathematical model with a high number of parameters and non-linear functions performing as a universal approximator and ensuring high flexibility during training process. Each unit of the presented system, which includes a machine learning based mathematical model should be trained in advance of system execution with input-output mapping examples, where the range of the input values in the training example set should cover the range of the input values that will be used during system execution.

Patents registered in the Lithuanian Patent Bureau

Tiesiaeigis slenkamojo judesio pjezoelektrinis variklis = Linear sliding motion piezoelectric motor. LT 7053 B. 2024-04-10.  / išradėjai: Andrius Čeponis, Dalius Mažeika. 
Abstract. The invention aims to create a linear piezoelectric motor to enhance the speed, force, and precision of reciprocating motion in systems with limited size or mass requirements. The motor comprises a resilient square strip (9) with an asymmetrical groove (8), forming a thin bridge (7) on which a guided element (10) carrying a slider (2) is mounted. The motor is secured using a fastening element (11). Reciprocating motion of the slider (2) is achieved by exciting piezoelectric plates (6) with two phase-offset electric signals, approximating the strip's (9) resonance frequency. Dynamic parameters are improved by aligning the bridge's (7) bending vibration resonance frequency with the strip's (9) longitudinal vibration resonance frequency and placing the fastening (11) at the end of the nodal line. Precision is amplified using a low non-resonant frequency trapezoidal electric signal, generating a step proportional to signal amplitude.

Hidraulinis skirstytuvas su sklandžio sraigtine pavara = Hydraulic distributor with smooth screw drive. LT 7056 B. 2024-04-10 / išradėjai: Krzysztof Towarnicki, Michal  Stosiak, Olegas Prentkovskis, Paulius Skačkauskas, Mykola Karpenko. 
Abstract. The invention is intended to reduce the vibrations of the hydraulic distributor with a smooth screw drive in the longitudinal direction of the distributor, the pulsations of the fluid flow in the hydraulic system, the consumption of electricity when the distributor body is affected by external vibrations. The main structural elements of a hydraulic distributor with a smooth screw drive are a smooth screw drive and an electric motor. The distributor is designed for use in various types of hydraulic systems, especially when the equipment is exposed to external vibrations, such as mobile equipment and heavy-duty machinery and special vehicles. Due to the high rotation accuracy of the electric motor shaft and the precise movement of the screw mechanism, high accuracy of smooth movement of the distributor in the axial direction of the distributor is achieved. At the same time, no additional fluid flow pulsation occurs in the hydraulic system, which increases the utility, reliability, and efficiency of the hydraulic system.

Didelės galios pjezoelektrinis variklis su valdymo sistema = High power piezoelectric motor with control system. LT 7061 B. 2024-05-10 / išradėjai: Piotr Vasiljev, Dalius Mažeika, Andrius Čeponis, Sergejus Borodinas, Regimantas Bareikis, Arūnas Struckas.
Abstract. A construction of a piezoelectrically driven motor is disclosed. The piezoelectric motor allows to achieve high torque, force, speed of movement, and stability of operation with high loads. The motor comprises a stator (1) having shape of an elastic ring, with two-sided symmetrical teeth (7) located on both sides of said ring, those are preferably trapezoidal in shape. Notches (9) are formed in the common plane of the symmetry of said two-sided teeth and the stator (1) ring. Piezoelectric Langevin-type packages (11) are installed in the nodal zones of longitudinal vibrations of the stator (1) ring. On the upper and lower surfaces of the teeth (7), rigid support-friction elements are installed, through which the disk-shaped rotors (2) are pressed against the teeth (7). These disk rotors (2) are rotated by exciting the Langevin packages (11) or their groups (22, 23) with electrical signals with their frequency matching the resonant frequency of the longitudinal vibrations of the stator ring (6). When exciting the motor with two harmonic signals, the phase difference is determined by π/2. When driving by one signal, a group of piezoelectric packs (22, 23) is activated, while the other group is inactive at that time. When the motor is excited by two asymmetrical signals with a phase difference of π then the motor operates based on the inertial principle.

Kompozitinė garsą sugerianti plokštė = Sound absorbing composite panel. LT 7084 B. 2024-08-12 /  išradėjai: Robert Ružickij, Raimondas Grubliauskas.
Abstract. Field of application of the invention – use in the indoor environment of buildings (rooms). The proposed composite sound-absorbing panel can be mounted on interior building elements (such as floor slabs or roof structures). After evaluating the reverberation time of the room and identifying any discrepancies with the limit values set in applicable regulatory documents, the composite sound-absorbing panel is installed on a building element within the room. Additionally, by using these composite panels, suspended ceilings can be created, which can conceal the building's engineering systems without overloading the building structure.

Pjezoelektrinis sukamojo judesio variklis = Piezoelectric rotary motion motor. LT 7097 B. 2024-09-25  / išradėjai: Dalius Mažeika, Andrius Čeponis, Sergejus Borodinas, Laurynas  Šišovas. 
Abstract. The invention is designed to create a piezoelectric rotary motion motor, which increases the speed of rotation, torque, motion precision, and expands the capabilities of the motor. The motor consists of a stator (2), made of piezoelectric bimorph plates (14), connected to a cylinder-shaped tube (15). Stator supports (11) are irreversibly attached to the mounting plates (4), while friction contacts (16) are placed on the upper and lower planes of the stator (2). Disk-shaped rotors (5,6) pressed against friction contacts (16) are connected by a shaft (7). Rotary motion is obtained by exciting piezoelectric bimorph plates (14) with a non-harmonic sawtooth signal, thus creating a smooth rotary motion. Slits (17) in the cylinder-shaped tube (15) ensure the lowest possible stiffness of the stator (2), and the geometrical properties of the supports (11) are selected to match the bending and torsional vibration frequencies of the piezoelectric bimorph plates (14) and supports (11). To improve the precision and capabilities of the motor's motion, the non-harmonic signal is changed to a steadily rising or descending one, causing the rotors (5,6) and shaft (7) to move proportionally to the displacements of the piezoelectric bimorph plates (14).

Inercinė keturių laisvės laipsnių pjezoelektrinė pavara  = Inertial four-degree-of-freedom piezoelectric actuator. LT 7104 B. 2024-11-11.  / išradėjai:  Andrius Čeponis, Dalius Mažeika, Regimantas Bareika.  
Abstract. The invention aims develop a high-precision piezoelectric actuator, enabling independent rotational motion along four axes and linear displacement. The actuator comprises a spherical rotor (1) positioned on three supports (5) connected to piezoelectric bimorph plates (16), forming the stator (2) fixed to an attachment plate (3) through bolts (4) in attachment zones (8). To obtain rotational movement about the horizontal axis, the piezoelectric bimorph plates (16) are excited by a sawtooth-shaped electrical signal with a frequency close or equal to the first bending deformation mode frequency. For rotational movement around the vertical axis, all piezoelectric bimorph plates (16) are affected by two sawtooth-shaped signals with a frequency close or equal the resonant frequency of the second bending deformation mode, with phase difference of π. Application of direct current electrical signal to the bimorph plates (16) ensures linear displacement of the rotor (1) in the vertical direction with a high resolution.

Opozicinis šaltojo garo variklis ir jo veikimo būdas = Opposed cold steam engine and method of operation. LT 7106 B. 2024-11-11 / išradėjai: Algimantas Rotmanas, Regimantas Bareikis, Irmantas Gedzevičius, Mantas Rotmanas.
Abstract. The invention is attributed to energy transformation machines that transform low-temperature thermal energy into mechanical energy. Thermal energy of low temperatures is concentrated into thermal energy of higher temperatures and converted into mechanical energy with the help of liquid-gas, gas-liquid phase transformations of refrigerant liquids. The invention relates to the expansion of the capabilities of the analog ("Atmospheric pressure cold steam engine and method of operation" No. EP3457052; LT No. 6635), changing its design and the nature and capabilities of generating mechanical energy, radically increasing the power/weight ratio, and expanding the possibilities of working with refrigerant liquids of different boiling and condensation temperatures, the working pressure in the engine is completely separated from the atmospheric pressure. In other words, the invention, the oppositional cold steam engine, becomes not an atmospheric pressure engine, but a working pressure engine of the refrigerant (or its vaporized components), which no longer has the fundamental shortcomings of the prototype: it generates mechanical energy during the entire 360-degree rotation of the shaft (in the prototype, only 180 degrees) ; significantly larger pressure differences are used than in the analogue (in the prototype, the pressures are limited to atmospheric pressure only); significant improvement in engine power/weight ratio (theoretically more than twice); it becomes possible to use cheaper and more environmentally friendly refrigerants and/or their mixtures and components.

Kompozitinių medžiagų sukaupto nuovargio nustatymo sistema ir būdas = System and method for determining the accumulated fatigue of composite materials.  LT 7110 B. 2024-12-10 / išradėjai: Vytautas Bučinskas, Jūratė Jolanta Petronienė, Andrius Dzedzickis. 
Abstract.  The invention is intended to monitor and evaluate the level of accumulated fatigue (structure entropy) of composite and polymer parts using the data of a triboelectric effect-based sensor (2) or their array, which is then stored and processed in a microprocessor (9) or a separate computer (13). The data acquisition and processing system has a processor (11) with a memory device (12) that stores the relative fatigue estimate as an integral parameter of the load-induced deformation that reflects the fatigue level of the composite element under investigation. The present invention determines the accumulated fatigue level of a composite material or structure based on its accumulated strain energy at the locations of a sensor (2) or sensor array, without examining individual defects in the material. Concentrated or distributed cracks in the volume of the material, forming a set of fatigue cracks, are considered such defects. The proposed technical solution includes a triboelectric sensor (2) or their array formed in the body of the composite (1), and their signal is transmitted via connecting wires to a microprocessor (9) or a separate computer (13). Sensor signal – the sensor voltage depends on the accumulated path of deformation displacements during the test period. This voltage is captured in the signal regulator/amplifier (7), discharge circuit (8) and further transmitted to microprocessor complex (9), where data integrated and stored for further use.

Didelės galios pjezoelektrinė sukamoji pavara = High-power piezoelectric rotary drive. LT 7111 B. 2024-12-10 / Piotr Vasiljev, Dalius Mažeika, Andrius Čeponis, Sergejus Borodinas,  Regimantas Bareikis,  Arūnas Struckas.
Abstract. The invention's goal is to develop a piezoelectric motor delivering high output torque, speed, and operational stability under high loads. Comprising an elastic ring-shaped stator (6) with trapezoidal teeth (7) on either side, cuts (8) align along the teeth's horizontal axis of symmetry. Piezoelectric elements (9) are interspersed between the teeth (7). The upper and lower dual-sided trapezoidal teeth (7) are pressed against disk-shaped rotors (2) via rigid friction elements (10) positioned between them. Rotors spin as electric harmonic signals, matching the longitudinal vibration resonance frequency of the ring (6), energize the elements (9). Dual harmonic signals require a phase difference of π/2. A single electric signal activates one of the element groups (18,19), leaving the other passive. Shifting from harmonic to sawtooth or rectangular waveforms, and combining elements (18,19) into a unified group, establishes the inertial operating principle.

Pjezoelektrinis keitiklis dideles galios slenkamojo judesio pavaroms = Piezoelectric transducer for high power linear motion actuators. LT 7113 B. 2024-12-10 / Piotr Vasiljev, Dalius Mažeika, Andrius Čeponis, Sergejus Borodinas, Regimantas Bareikis, Arūnas Struckas.
Abstract. Invention is focused on a high-power piezoelectric transducer, allowing for large linear motion force, speed, and operational stability under high loads. The piezoelectric transducer consists of a rectangular plate (4), in the center of which a double-sided trapezoidal tooth (6) is mounted, and cut (8) is formed on its vertical axis of symmetry. Piezoelectric plates (3) are mounted on the upper and lower surfaces of the rectangular plate (4). At the ends of the double-sided trapezoidal tooth (6), firmly mounted friction elements (7), rigid sliders (2) are pressed, whose linear motion is induced by applying a non-harmonic electrical signal to the piezoelectric plates (3), the frequency of which is equal to or close to the resonant frequency of the second longitudinal vibration mode of the rectangular plate (4). To obtain the linear motion of the sliders (2) in the opposite direction, the phase of the electrical signal must be reversed.
 

Related news

New doctoral dissertation
New doctoral dissertation
VILNIUS TECH Library invites you to follow the published new dissertations. The dissertation „Investigation of recurrent neural networks-based methods for early fault detection and short-term power forecasting in wind energy applications“ prepared at VILNIUS TECH by Mindaugas Jankauskas. The dissertation was prepared in 2021–2026. Scientific consultant – Prof. Dr Artūras Serackis. The dissertation was defended at the public meeting of the Dissertation Defence Council of the Scientific Field of Electrical and Electronic Engineering in the Aula Doctoralis Meeting Hall of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University at 10 a. m. on 5 June 2026. The increasing role of wind energy in modern power systems creates a growing need for reliable turbine operation, accurate short-term power forecasting, and computationally efficient data-driven methods. This dissertation addresses two related problems: early fault detection in wind turbines using supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) time-series data, and short-term wind farm power forecasting using meteorological forecasts. The dissertation aims to develop and investigate data-driven methods that improve the accuracy, efficiency, and practical applicability of short-term wind power forecasting and early wind turbine fault detection using SCADA and meteorological forecast data. The first part of the dissertation develops and investigates a virtual-sensor-based method for condition monitoring and early fault detection in wind turbines using SCADA time-series data, including the selection of the most informative features and the evaluation of factors affecting prediction accuracy. The second part of the dissertation analyzes and optimizes recurrent neural-network structures for the virtual sensor by evaluating feature-sequence formation, training schemes, and alternative activation functions to increase accuracy and reduce the computational cost relevant for practical deployment. The third part of the dissertation develops and investigates a bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) based method for short-term wind farm power forecasting using meteorological forecast data, and evaluates the impact of different numerical weather prediction (NWP) sources and the suitability of an objective function with a normalized Nord Pool price multiplier for day-ahead energy production forecasts. The dissertation contributes to the fields of wind energy and artificial intelligence by proposing and validating data-driven methods for virtual sensing, residual-based early fault detection, recurrent-model optimization, computationally efficient activation-function selection, and economically meaningful short-term wind power forecasting. The research results have been published in three peer-reviewed scientific journals and one conference proceeding, and were presented at seven conferences and seminars. Doctoral dissertation readers can search via VILNIUS TECH Virtual Library.
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Geopolitics is changing design priorities: infrastructure must withstand explosions too
Geopolitics is changing design priorities: infrastructure must withstand explosions too
Until recently, buildings were primarily designed to withstand conventional loads such as wind, snow, and everyday use. However, geopolitical developments in Europe and around the world are changing perspectives in Lithuania as well: the resilience of infrastructure to extreme scenarios, such as explosions, is becoming an integral part of the design process. Dr. Povilas Dabrila, a junior researcher at the Department of Steel and Composite Structures of the Faculty of Civil Engineering at VILNIUS TECH University, says that explosions are a rare but high-consequence threat, and traditional design approaches do not always account for such scenarios. [caption id="attachment_115773" align="alignnone" width="2560"] Povilas Dabrila[/caption] “The war in Ukraine has forced us to rethink many things. One of them is how we design, maintain, and protect infrastructure. For a long time, we focused mainly on conventional impacts: snow, wind, operational loads on buildings and bridges, and energy efficiency. Today, however, it is clear that infrastructure may also face far more dangerous scenarios, such as explosions or vehicle impacts,” he explains. According to him, infrastructure becomes even more important during crises, as people’s safety may depend on it. “Bridges, roads, buildings, energy facilities, and communication networks are essential not only for everyday life. If a bridge collapses or communications fail during a crisis, emergency assistance may not arrive in time. This is no longer merely a technical loss—it can cost lives. Therefore, infrastructure resilience today is not just an engineering issue; it is also a matter of public safety, crisis preparedness, and national resilience,” emphasizes Dabrila. What happens during an explosion? The researcher explains that the effect of an explosion on structures differs fundamentally from conventional loads. “An explosion affects a building extremely suddenly. A blast wave forms and, within a very short time, transfers significant pressure to the façade, windows, walls, and floors. What distinguishes an explosion from other challenging conditions is the duration of its impact. Snow loads a structure gradually over a long period, and even wind is not as sudden as an explosion. In the case of an explosion, the impact is felt almost instantly.” As a result, structures respond differently as well. “The key question is not only whether an element can withstand the load. What also matters is how it behaves under dynamic loading—how it deforms and whether it maintains its integrity.” According to Dabrila, explosions often first damage weaker elements such as windows, façade components, and non-load-bearing walls. The greatest risk arises when load-bearing elements are damaged, leading to more extensive structural failures. In such cases, collapse may occur. “In rare cases, localized damage can trigger a much larger collapse. For example, if a single column is damaged, internal forces are redistributed to other elements, which may also fail, causing the collapse to spread further. It is important to note that such situations are rare in ordinary buildings. Buildings are designed with safety margins, and regulations require the evaluation of structural safety and reliability.” Reducing the impact is essential According to Dabrila, blast resistance requires a comprehensive approach: both the resilience of the structure itself and measures that either increase the distance between the explosion and the building or reduce the impact of the blast. “A building’s resistance to explosions does not depend solely on stronger walls or columns. It is a system-wide issue: how the building is designed, how it behaves when damaged, and what additional measures reduce the impact before it reaches the structure. From a structural perspective, the most important thing is sufficient load-bearing capacity. If a column, beam, slab, or connection is damaged, internal forces should be able to redistribute to other structural elements. Then the failure of one element does not necessarily lead to the collapse of the entire structure.” It is also important to understand how the structure behaves under sudden loads. Explosion loads are extremely intense and short-lived, so engineers must evaluate not only whether a component can withstand the load but also how it deforms and whether the structure retains its integrity. Equally important are measures that reduce the impact itself. “These may include standoff distances, earth berms, concrete barriers, additional protective structures, screens, or nets. Their purpose is to move the threat farther away, block direct impact, or absorb part of the energy so that it does not reach the primary structure. We can see practical examples in Ukraine. The country employs various protective solutions, ranging from additional structural elements to protective nets that reduce the risk of direct drone strikes or other impacts.” How blast resistance is achieved According to Dabrila, designing structures that are more resistant to explosions involves solutions at several levels — from reducing the impact itself to strengthening the structure. “The first goal is to reduce the impact before it reaches the building. This can be achieved through standoff distances, concrete blocks, earth berms, barriers, protective fences, anti-drone nets, or additional structural installations. At the same time, the most critical structural components — columns, slabs, walls, and connections — are strengthened. This can be done using steel, reinforced concrete, composite materials, or additional bracing.” Energy-absorbing systems are also used, including protective panels, multilayer façades, and composite modules. Their purpose is to absorb part of the blast energy and reduce damage to the primary structure. According to Dabrila, digital technologies make it possible to evaluate potential scenarios in advance. “Modeling is also extremely important. Today, numerical models allow us to evaluate how a building or its individual elements would behave during an explosion, impact, or another extreme event. This enables us to base decisions on calculations and testing rather than assumptions. In the future, I believe we will see more lightweight, easily installable protective systems — for example, multilayer composite modules that can be used to protect existing buildings and infrastructure.” Science is seeking practical solutions Dabrila explains that research in this field is focused not only on theory but also on practical applications in infrastructure design. The Faculty of Civil Engineering at VILNIUS TECH studies how structures and materials behave under complex loading conditions. “Our research focuses on structural resistance to extreme loads and the development of lightweight multilayer composite systems. We are looking for solutions that could provide additional protection for buildings, bridges, and other infrastructure against impacts, blast waves, high temperatures, and similar threats. One area of research involves protective composite modules that could be installed on existing structures and serve as an additional protective layer.” According to him, both the materials and their internal structure are important. “Different layers, materials, and internal geometries can be combined, including energy-absorbing structures. The goal is to make the protection as lightweight as possible while maximizing energy absorption.” Experimental testing conducted at the faculty helps researchers understand the real behavior of materials, while numerical modeling allows this knowledge to be applied on a larger scale. “Through testing, we observe how materials actually deform and fail. Modeling allows us to scale those results up — for example, evaluating not only a small specimen but also a structural component or a real-world structure. Such research is important because it can lead to practical recommendations: which materials to choose, what layer configurations to use, how to attach protective modules, and where protection would provide the greatest benefit.” The goal is to control damage Dabrila stresses that it is impossible to make buildings completely resistant to explosions. Everything depends on the size of the explosion, the distance from the blast, the building’s structural system, the surrounding environment, and how the impact reaches the building. “The primary objective is usually not to make a building ‘indestructible’ but to control the damage. This means setting clear priorities. The most important goals are protecting people, preventing sudden collapse, reducing damage, and, if possible, maintaining critical functions.” In Dabrila’s view, assessing infrastructure resilience against extreme scenarios has not yet become common practice in Lithuania. Explosions and other extreme scenarios are typically considered only for specific types of facilities. However, changing circumstances are also changing design priorities. “There is increasing discussion about civil protection, critical infrastructure security, and the resilience of facilities under crisis conditions. As a result, this topic is gradually moving from a narrow specialist field into a broader engineering and national security issue.” He notes that much still depends on the client’s perspective. “Such solutions often involve additional costs, while their benefits become apparent only during a crisis. As a result, it can be difficult to justify the investment, especially when the primary focus is minimizing construction costs.” Nevertheless, he believes that building resilience should be viewed not as an extra expense but as a risk management measure. “Resilience is not a luxury — it is risk management. Not every project requires the most expensive solutions, but critical facilities should be subject to higher standards. Sometimes even simple measures — better site planning, protective barriers, or strengthening critical structural elements—can significantly reduce risk.” In his opinion, infrastructure security will increasingly be viewed as part of national resilience. “Whether such solutions become a standard part of the design process will depend on clients’ attitudes and on clear requirements and methodologies. Designers need to know when such scenarios must be assessed and how to evaluate them. I believe that, at least for critical infrastructure, such assessments should become standard practice. Not every building requires the same level of protection, but the most important facilities should be designed with extreme scenarios in mind.”
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